LENSES!
You don't actually need a lens to form a real image, but you do need a lens to form a bright real image.









(1/p) + (1/q) = (1/f).

Converging Lens Animation



Magnifying Glass!









Chromatic and Spherical Aberrations of lenses!



Brewster's angle, tanθB = n2/n1


METAMATERIALS

Next
Back